Évaluation médico-économique du baclofène intrathécal chez les patients présentant une spasticité chronique sévère

A medicoeconomic evaluation of continuous intrathecal baclofen (Lioresal^®) infusion for symptomatic treatment of severe spinal spasticity was realised using a monocentric, comparative, retrospective approach where subjects were their own controls (n = 22). Study results confirm the efficacy of baclofen on symptoms, functional status of patients and on a non specific quality of life scale. Conversely, use of baclofen lead to a 67% increase of average annual costs of care for these patients and reaches around 173,500 French francs (~29,000 US$)/year. Such a cost seems to be acceptable with respect to clinical benefits. © 1998 Elsevier, Paris     

肺隐球菌病3例报告并文献复习

目的 提高对肺隐球菌病的诊断和治疗水平.方法 对3例肺隐球菌病患者的临床资料进行分析,并进行文献复习.结果 3例患者均行经皮肺穿刺活检,组织病理学确诊.1、2例为轻症,第3例为重症.痰培养和支气管镜检查均阴性,血清隐球菌荚膜乳胶凝集实验均阳性,第3例脑脊液压力升高,乳胶凝集实验阳性.1、2例应用氟康唑治疗,第3例应用两性霉素B治疗,均临床治愈.结论 肺隐球菌病临床误诊率高.采用血清隐球菌荚膜乳胶凝集实验和经皮肺穿刺活检相结合的方法,可明显提高诊断率.对于免疫功能正常和轻症患者,首选氟康唑,对于免疫受损和重症患者,首选两性霉素B.     

肿瘤标志物在诊断消化系恶性肿瘤中的应用价值

目的探讨联合检测血清中肿瘤标志物甲胎蛋白（AFP）、癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原125（CA125）、CA19-9对消化系恶性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法采用电化学发光免疫分析法，对53例消化系恶性肿瘤患者和62例消化系良性疾病患者血清中AFP、CEA、CA125、CA19—9的含量进行检测、比较。结果肿瘤标志物联合检测的敏感性为88．68％，明显高于单项检测的敏感性，其中单项检测的敏感性分别是：AFP为63．46％、CEA为58．56％、CA125为47．17％、CA19—9为52．83％。结论联合检测血清肿瘤标志物AFP、CEA、CA125、CA19—9可提高消化系恶性肿瘤的诊断率。     

螺旋CT三维和多平面重建在髋膝关节骨折中的应用

目的：探讨螺旋CT三维（3D）和多平面重建（MPR）在髋、膝复杂关节骨折中的临床应用价值。材料与方法：62例髋、膝关节骨折先行螺旋CT扫描，尔后作三维和多平面重建，注重观察骨折类型以及CT表现特征。结果：62例中髋臼骨折28例（其中简单骨折17例，复杂骨折11例），胫骨平台骨折34例（其中累及外侧平台骨折12例，骨侧平台8例，累及整个平台14例）通过3D和MPR多方向的图像，直观、立体、清晰地显示了复杂的解剖特点和骨折的位置、形态，完善和补充了骨折分型。结论：螺旋CT三维和多平面重建是轴位CT扫描有价值的补充手段，能为髋、膝复杂关节骨折的术前分类，治疗方案的选择及手术入路提供更多的客观依据，有很高的临床应用价值。     

肝癌患者血清中乙型肝炎病毒前C和BCP区基因变异的临床研究

目的了解常州地区乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA前C区(1896)、BCP区(1762/1764)基因的变异,探讨与肝癌的相关性。方法运用基因芯片和核苷酸序列分析技术,对HBVDNA进行分析。结果前C区1896位、BCP区1762/1764位突变普遍存在。(1)在39例HBeAg( )标本组中1896突变为5例(12.8%),1762/1764突变为15例(38.5%);在75例HBeAg(-)组中1896突变为26例(34.7%),1762/1764突变为55例(73.3%)。(2)在114例标本中,慢性乙型肝炎、慢性重型乙型肝炎、乙肝肝硬化、肝癌组中前C区1896、BCP区1762/1764位的总突变率分别为55.9%、71.4%、75.7%、88.9%。结论前C区1896、BCP区1762/1764位突变与HBeAg(-)显著相关,两者总突变率在肝癌患者中显著升高,尤其前C1896、BCP区1762/1764同时突变与肝硬化和肝癌密切相关。     

氯胺酮鞘内注射对慢性坐骨神经损伤大鼠脊髓 NMDA-2B mRNA表达的影响

目的：探讨氯胺酮连续鞘内注射对慢性坐骨神经损伤大鼠脊髓背角N-甲基-D天冬氨酸亚基（NR2B）mRNA表达的影响。方法：雄性SD大鼠18只，随机分为假手术组、CCI组和氯胺酮组。按Bennett等法制作CCI模型，测von-Frey丝触痛及冷水阈值，采用原位杂交技术检测各组脊髓背角NR2B mRNA表达的变化。结果：CCI组痛阈显著下降，冷水阈显著升高，脊髓背角有大量NR2B mRNA阳性表达（P＜0．01）；氯胺酮组仅出现轻度痛敏症状，NR2B mRNA表达受到明显抑制（P＜0．01）。结论：NR2B mRNA表达上调可能是神经损伤后慢性疼痛的发病机制之一，氯胺酮可抑制其表达从而发挥一定程度的镇痛作用。     

Rapid detection of the hepatitis B virus YMDD mutant using TaqMan-minor groove binder probes

BACKGROUND: TaqMan-minor groove binder (MGB) probes were used in a real-time PCR-based assay for the rapid and accurate detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) YMDD mutants. METHODS: TaqMan-MGB probes were designed to distinguish between wild-type (YMDD) and mutant (YVDD and YIDD) strains of HBV. The detection limit and sensitivity of the assay were determined using a dilution series of a mixture of wild-type and mutant plasmids. Serum samples collected from four patients with chronic mutant HBV infections during lamivudine therapy were analyzed using this method. RESULTS: The detection limit for YVDD and YIDD was 10 and 50 copies, respectively, whereas the sensitivity was 10% within a mixed virus population. In the clinical samples, mutant strains of HBV could be detected at levels <2.6 log copies/ml of HBV DNA. While 15 of the 21 samples tested by this method were positive for the YMDD mutant, direct sequencing and a reverse hybridization line probe assay (INNO-LiPA HBV DR v2) detected the mutant strain in only 11 and 9 samples, respectively. Moreover, the data for 6 samples analyzed by TA cloning were fully consistent with our TaqMan PCR results. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully established a sensitive and accurate assay for the YMDD mutant of HBV. This method may be useful for monitoring patients treated with lamivudine.     

乙型肝炎病毒全长基因组的扩增

目的:探讨扩增乙肝病毒全长基因组合适的PCR反应条件。方法:设计针对负链5′末端引物,PCR一步法扩增乙肝病毒全长基因。改变PCR反应条件,决定最佳退火温度和最佳引物浓度,并观察不同乙肝病毒DNA模板量对PCR扩增效率的影响。结果:最佳退火温度为68℃,最佳引物浓度为0.5μmol/L,模板量在150拷贝以上能扩增出乙肝病毒全长基因,但模板量达到105拷贝抑制扩增效率。结论:退火温度为68℃、引物浓度为0.5μmol/L、乙肝病毒DNA模板量在150～105拷贝为乙肝病毒全长基因扩增的合适PCR反应条件。     

Off-resonance artifacts correction with convolution in k-space (ORACLE)

Off-resonance artifacts hinder the wider applicability of echo-planar imaging and non-Cartesian MRI methods such as radial and spiral. In this work, a general and rapid method is proposed for off-resonance artifacts correction based on data convolution in k-space. The acquired k-space is divided into multiple segments based on their acquisition times. Off-resonance-induced artifact within each segment is removed by applying a convolution kernel, which is the Fourier transform of an off-resonance correcting spatial phase modulation term. The field map is determined from the inverse Fourier transform of a basis kernel, which is calibrated from data fitting in k-space. The technique was demonstrated in phantom and in vivo studies for radial, spiral and echo-planar imaging datasets. For radial acquisitions, the proposed method allows the self-calibration of the field map from the imaging data, when an alternating view-angle ordering scheme is used. An additional advantage for off-resonance artifacts correction based on data convolution in k-space is the reusability of convolution kernels to images acquired with the same sequence but different contrasts.